La République du Cameroun is “a sleeping volcano.” This description has its meaning rooted in the history of what has come to be called the “Anglophone problem” in Cameroun. This “problem” can be traced back as far as the partitioning after the First World War of the erstwhile German Kamerun Protectorate (1884-1916) between the French and English victors, first as mandates under the League of Nations and later as trusts under the United Nations. The French-and English-speaking Cameroons formed an illegal “federal union” in 1961 which is now exploding.
Why preventive diplomacy? Anglophone-Francophone animosities in Cameroun have been raging intermittently since 1961, the year La République du Cameroun (French-speaking) simply annexed the Southern Cameroons (English-speaking). These animosities, as they run riot, threaten the peace of Cameroun frequently. The essence of preventive diplomacy is therefore early warning and timely intervention where this peace is menaced by a typical problem of paternalism. The frequent slaughter of protesting Southern Cameroons students and protesters by La République du Cameroun forces of annexation is eloquent testimony.
Preventive diplomacy in this case, to be successful, compels some diplomatic intercession. This intercession requires understanding the sources of an impending conflict and addressing them in time to prevent violent confrontation. Once a conflict has broken out, the immediate need is to address its humanitarian consequences, while seeking an end to the hostilities by addressing the issues that led to the conflict in the first place. Success means restoring peace and creating conditions that are capable of sustaining the achieved peace. The process is therefore circular in that ensuring a lasting solution becomes a preventive measure that should ideally address the sources or causes of the conflict. In Cameroon, preventive diplomacy entails the resolution of the conflict created by the annexation of the British Southern Cameroons by La République du Cameroun.
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