Postwatch (Cameroon)

The Grandfathers (Pappys) who rule Cameroun - Germinal

Gerontocracy in Cameroon: Pappys on the Prowl [1]

Cameroon is also a gerontocracy. Last February 13, President Paul Barthelemy Biya of Cameroon celebrated his 77th birthday. Writing on the issue on his blog, Tande Dibussi said “Cameroon is increasingly looking like the pre-Gorbatchev Soviet Union whose entire leadership was made up of the infirm, senile and “walking dead” of the Politburo.”

 In June 2008, the French language monthly La Cité revealed that 80% of Cameroon’s ruling class consisted of individuals, tottering on the borders of senility and decay, who were way past the official retirement age, and that 80% of the 34 new ambassadors appointed that year were also above retirement age. In fact, some were actually pulled out of retirement – this, in a country where life expectancy is about 52 years. La Cité also profiled 60 key members of the ruling elite, who by virtue of their age, should have long retired and given way to a much younger generation of leaders.

 

The “Pappys” or deadbeats who Rule Cameroun

 

N°	Name	Position	Date of Birth	Age
1	Paul Biya	President	13/02/1933	78
2	Cavaye Yeguié Djibril	Speaker National Assembly	1940	70
3	Dipanda Mouelle Alexis	President Supreme Court	1942	68
4	Ayang Luc	President ECOSOC	1947	63
5	Laurent Esso	SG/PR	1942	68
6	Amadou Ali	Vice/PM Min. of Justice	1943	67
7	Nkuete Jean	Vice PM/Min. of Agriculture	1944	66
8	Bouba Bello Maïgari	Minister of Transport	1947	63
9	Beléoken Jean Baptiste	Minister of lands	1932	79
10	Sadi René	Minister of Special Duties	1948	62
11	Tsimi Evouna Gilbert	Government Delegate Yde	1944	66
12	Dr Maïkano Abdoulaye	Roving Ambassador	1940	70
13	Omnes Yvon	Conseiller officieux		70+
14	Hamadjoda Adjoudji	Board Chairman	1937	73
15	Sabal Lecco Félix	President CNC	1918	92
16	Njalla Quan Henry	DG CDC	1949	61
17	Dorothy Djeuma	Member Elecam	26/6 1943	67
18	Achidi Achu	Board Chairman SNI	1934	77
19	Oumaroudjam Yaya	General	1939	71
20	Angouand Laurent	Brigadier General	23/7/1940	70
21	Mambou Deffo Roland	Brigadier General	10/8/1939	71
22	Obama Isidore Claude	Brigadier General	1941	69
23	Douala Massango Zacharie	Brigadier General	21/07/1939	71
24	Dagafounangsou Simon Pierre	Brigadier General	1944	66
25	Ivo Desancio Yenwo	Brigadier General	23/7/1944	66
26	Semengue Pierre	Brigadier General	26/6/1935	75
27	Nganso Sundji Jean	General	15/10/1937	73
28	Tataw Tabe James	General	5/9/1933	77
29	Youmba Jean Réné	General	15/12/1939	71
30	Asso’o Emané Bénoit	General	21/6/1937	73
31	Mpay Philippe	General	18/9/1939	71
32	Samabo Pierre	General	22/8/1941	69
33	Méka René-Claude	General	2/2/1939	71
34	Nkoa Atenga Camille	General	3/8/1940	70
35	Tchémo Hector Marie	General	1942	68
36	Baba Souley	Brigadier General	1945	65
37	Saly Mohamadou	Brigadier General	1949	61
38	Ngambou Esaïe	Brigadier General	30/08/1948	62
39	N'gouah N'gually Guillaume	Brigadier General	27/9/1939	71
40	Ombga Damse	Special Adviser	1937	73
41	Owona Grégoire	Min in Charge of Relations with Assemblies	1950	60
42	Mafany Musonge	Chancellor of National Orders	1942	68
43	Belinga Eboutou M.	Director of Cabinet	17 Feb 1940	70
44	Eken Christophe	Pdt CIMA	1948	62
45	Fame Ndongo Jacques	Min. Highre Education	1950	60
46	Iya Mohammed	Pdt FECAFOOT/DG SODECOTON	1950	60
47	Charles Metouck	DG SONARA	1950	60
48	Moudiki Adophe	DG SNH	1938	70
49	Paul Pondi	BOARD CHAIRMAN CIVIL AVIATION	1928	82
50	Medjo Akono Marcel	Roving Ambassador	1924	86
51	Keutcha Jean	Roving Ambassador	1923	87
52	Doumba Joseph Charles	Roving Ambassador	1936	74
53	Robert Nkili	Minister of Labour	04 July 1945	65
54	Yang Philemon	Prime Minister	14 June 1947	63
55	Issa Tchiroma Bakary	Min of Communications	1946	64
56	Michel Ngako Tombio	Minister of Water, Mines and Energy	1945	65
57	Agbor Tabi Peter	ASG/Pr	February 1951	60
58	Madeleine Tchuenté	Min of Scientific Research	1950	60
59	Hamadou Moustapha	Minister in Charge of Missionss missions	11 May 1945	65
60	André Mama Fouda	Minister Public Health	24 July 1951	Abt 60
61	Jean Pierre Biyiti Bi Essam	Minister  PTT	20 July  1949	61
62	Marie Thérèse Obama	Min. Family Protection		60 +
63	Abdoulaye Babalé	Member ELECAM	Abt 1946	64
64	Elie Mbonda	Member ELECAM	03 July 1949	61
65	Jerome Emilien Abondo	Member CONAC		80
66	Jules Mana Nschwangele	Member CONAC	1944	66
67	Hélé Pierre	Minister of Environment and Forest	1946	64
68	Louis Bapès Bapès	Min. of Secondary Education	1 7 April 1943	67
69	Alim Hayatou	Secretay of State of Health		60 +
70	Garga Haman Adji	Member CONAC	27 January 1944	66
71	Patrice Ndedi Penda	Member CONAC	1945	65
72	Fon fosi Yakumtaw	Member CONAC		60 +
73	Ngongi Amos Namanga	Member CONAC	03/09/1945	65
74	Etéki Mboumoua	President Red Cross	1933	77
75	Mbouombouo Njoya I.	Sultan of Fouban	27 oct. 1937	73
76	Doumba Joseh Ch.	Roving Ambassador	02/02/1936	74
77	Atangana Clément	Pdt Administrative Bench Supreme Court	20 Sept 1941	69
78	Rissouk à Moulong M	Attorney General	1933	78
79	Fouman Akame	Special Advisor Presidency	31 August 1937	73
80	Mbarga Nguelé M.	DGSN	1933	78
81	BOARD		1945	65
82	Charles Etoundi	Chairman Yde General Hospital		60 +
83	Ousmane Mey	Chairman CNPS		90 +
84	Etamé Massoma	Chairman state Inspectorate		60 +
85	Dion Nguté Joseph	Mindel/Minrex	1945	60
86	Chef Mukete	Board Chairman Camtel		70 +
87	Efa’a Ndene Bekono	Membre Elecam	1945	65
88	Adamou Ali	Membre d’Elecam	1948	62
89	John Ebong Ngolè	Board Chairmn  Sonara		60 +
90	Pokossi Ndoumbè	Board Chairman ADC		70 +
91	Baba Hamadou	Ministre du Tourisme		60 +
92	Beh Mengue Louis	DG telecom Regulatory Board	1946	64
93	Njami Nwandi Simon B	Member Conac		60 +
94	Amadou Vamoulké	DG Crtv	1950	60
95	Admaou Ndam Njoya	Chairman Udc	1942	68
96	John Fru Ndi	Chairman Sdf	1941	69
97	Jean-Jacques Ekindi	Chairman MP		60 +
98	Etong Hilarion	Vice President National Assembly	1951	Abt 60
99	Bokam Jean Baptisto	Secretary of State Defense	1951	Abt 60
100	Yaou Aïssatou	DG SNI	1951	Abt 60
101	Felix Sabal Lecco	Communications Council	NOW LATE	90+
102	Simon Achidi Achu	Board Chairman SNI		78+
103	Jean Keutcha	Roving Ambassador		85+

---

[1] Source GERMINAL: Les 100 vieillards qui gouvernent le Cameroun. Samedi, 02 Octobre 2010 07:28 Coordonné par Simon Patrice

Election Fraud in Cameroun Part III - From the Manuscript of Den of Lions by Ntemfac Ofege

In an article, Biya’s Democracy or an Exercise in Fraud published by the New York Times on February 14, 2005, Staff Writer, Ken Silverstein proffered some disturbing insight into the magnitude of election fraud during the 2004 elections. Ken Silverstein reveals that even the so-called International Observers who witnesses the elections had their palms greased.

Ken Silverstein writes, “When the strongman who has ruled the West African country of Cameroon for more than 20 years swept to another election victory last fall, a number of observers quickly questioned the process.

International monitors led by a former Canadian Prime Minister said they had no confidence in the voter registration lists. Roman Catholic Cardinal Christian Tumi of Cameroon said the election, like all others in his country, was "surrounded by fraud."

Nevertheless, after having their throats oiled by the Biya regime, former members of the U.S. Congress on the scene were more upbeat about President Paul Barthelemy Biya's 71% landslide. "In general, the process was free," Ronnie Shows, one of six observers from the Washington-based U.S. Assn. of Former Members of Congress, told reporters in Cameroon. "This is what democracy is about."

The American mission was different in another way: an association member who also was a lobbyist for Biya’s government had organized it. The lobbyist served as the mission's chief staffer and billed Cameroon for his work.

Biya's government also picked up the 80,000 USD tab for the Americans' visit.”

The huge sums given the American Congressmen raised a huge furor internationally. Association Executive Director Peter Weichlein defended the mission, saying it met all ethical standards and that a written report a week after the election included serious criticisms of the process. Five of the observers said in interviews that they had no problem with the lobbyist, former Rep. Greg Laughlin, playing such a key role in the mission.

But three experienced election-monitoring groups said their standards would bar a variety of the association's procedures in Cameroon.

David Carroll, director of democracy programs at the Carter Center, which has monitored dozens of foreign elections, said his group did not accept funding from the government of a country where it was observing an election.

"That's a clear conflict of interest," he said. "So is the involvement of anyone on the delegation who has a clear financial or political interest at stake."

A spokesperson at Cameroon's embassy in Washington said he was surprised that former members of Congress had allowed his government to pay for their trip. "It's not normal practice," said Richard Nyamboli. "I would think they would want to be autonomous."

And a month after the group left, one of the six observers signed his own lobbying contract with Cameroon, promising to show that the country was making great strides in human rights and democracy, according to federal lobby disclosure records.

In July, the Washington law and lobbying firm Patton Boggs inked a 400,000USD deal to help improve ties between the U.S. and Cameroon, including on "issues relating" to the October election. Three Patton Boggs lobbyists, including Laughlin, traveled to Cameroon in August. Laughlin said in an interview that government officials told him they wanted Americans to monitor the vote so they could see how much progress Cameroon had made in building a democracy.

 

No Joining Invalidates October 1

By Vincent Feko

For both Southern Cameroonians and former French Cameroonians 1st October 1961 was an eventful and significant date. While the date has been retained by Southern Cameroonians the other party has cleverly abandoned it.Why was 1st October 1961 so important to the extent that it has left cherished nostalgic memories? On the one hand, Southern Cameroonians regarded that 1st October as date of the territory’s independence. Some continue to do so. On the other hand, former French Cameroonians regarded it and continue to do so, as the date of their invasion and colonisation of Southern Cameroons under the cloak of what they call Reunification.
Prof. Martin Chia Ateh’s lectures and letters have shed more light on the matter and a perceptive analysis of the case now reveals abundant evidence that 1st October 1961 was an illusion and not the independence Southern Cameroonians believed they had achieved
Picture: Demonstration in London

Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources, G.A. res. 1803 (XVII),

Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources, G.A. res. 1803 (XVII), 17 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No.17) at 15, U.N. Doc. A/5217 (1962).

The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 523 (VI) of 12 January 1952 and 626 (VII) of 21 December 1952

Bearing in mind its resolution 1314(XIII) of 12 December 1958, by which it
established the Commission on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources and instructed it to conduct a full survey of the status of permanent sovereignty over natural wealth and resources as a basic constituent of the right to self-determination, with recommendations, where necessary, for its strengthening, and decided further that, in the conduct of the full survey of the status of the permanent sovereignty of peoples and nations over their natural wealth and resources, due regard should be paid to the rights and duties of States under international law and to the importance of encouraging international co-operation in the economic development of developing countries,

UN Resolution 1514 (XV) of14 December 1960

UN Resolution 1514 (XV) of14 December 1960 on the Declaration on the E. UN Resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 on the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples.

The General Assembly, Mindful of the determination proclaimed by the people of the world in the Charter of the United Nations to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

UN Resolution 226 (III) of 18 November 1948

D .  UN Resolution 226 (III) of 18 November 1948 on the Progressive Development of Trust
Territories;

The General Assembly,

   Recalling that the Trusteeship System is aimed at the progressive development of Trust
Territories toward self-government or independence,

   Considering that this development should be achieved at the earliest possible date and that the Trust Territories should attain self-government or independence as soon as possible,

UN Resolution 224 (III) of 18 November 1948 on the Administrative

C. UN Resolution 224 (III) of

18 November 1948

on the Administrative

     Unions Affecting

Trust

Territories

;

The General Assembly,

   Mindful that one of the basic objectives of the Trusteeship System is to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the Trust Territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence,

   Noting that the Trusteeship Agreements for some of these Territories authorize the Administering Authority concerned to constitute the Territory into a customs, fiscal or administrative union or federation with adjacent territories under its sovereignty or control and to establish common services between the Trust Territory and such adjacent territories, where such measures are not inconsistent with the basic objectives of the Trusteeship System and with the terms of the Trusteeship Agreement,

   Recognizing that, in certain circumstances, such unions may be in the interests of the inhabitants of the Territory concerned,

   Recalling that the General Assembly approved these Agreements upon the assurance of the Administering Powers that they do not consider the terms of the relevant articles in the Trusteeship Agreements as giving powers to the Administering Authority to establish any form of political association between the Trust Territories respectively administered by them and adjacent territories which would involve annexation of the Trust Territories in any sense or would have the effect of extinguishing their status as Trust Territories,

   Having considered the observations of the Trusteeship Council, contained in the report covering its second and third sessions (A/603), on the existing or proposed administrative unions between certain Trust Territories and the adjacent territories under the sovereignty or control of the Administering Authority,

   Notes the observations of the Trusteeship Council on such administrative unions; and in particular;

   Endorses the observation of the Trusteeship Council that an administrative union “must remain strictly administrative in its nature and its scope, and that its operation must not have the effect of creating any conditions which will obstruct the separate development of the Trust Territory, in the fields of political, economic, social and educational advancement, as a distinct entity”;

   Recommends accordingly that the Trusteeship Council should:

(a)   Investigate these questions in all their aspects with special reference to such unions already constituted or proposed and in the light of the terms of the Trusteeship Agreements and the assurances given by the Administrative Authorities in this connexion;

(b)   In the light of this investigation, recommend such safeguards as the Council may deem necessary to preserve the distinct political status of the

Trust

Territories

and to enable the Council effectively to exercise supervisory functions over such Territories;

(c)   Request, whenever appropriate, an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice as to whether such unions are within the scope of and compatible with, the stipulations of the Charter and the terms of the Trusteeship Agreements as approved by the General Assembly;

(d)   Invite the Administering Authorities to make available to the Council such information relating to administrative unions as will facilitate the investigation by the Council referred to above;

(e)   Report specifically to the next regular session of the General Assembly on the results of the Council’s investigations and the action taken by it.

                   Hundred and sixtieth plenary meeting,

                                                   

18 November 1948

.

UN Resolution 224 (III) of 18 November 1948 on the Administrative Unions Affecting Trust Territories;

C. UN Resolution 224 (III) of 18 November 1948 on the Administrative Unions Affecting Trust Territories; The General Assembly, Mindful that one of the basic objectives of the Trusteeship System is to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the Trust Territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence, Noting that the Trusteeship Agreements for some of these Territories authorize the Administering Authority concerned to constitute the Territory into a customs, fiscal or administrative union or federation with adjacent territories under its sovereignty or control and to establish common services between the Trust Territory and such adjacent territories, where such measures are not inconsistent with the basic objectives of the Trusteeship System and with the terms of the Trusteeship Agreement, Recognizing that, in certain circumstances, such unions may be in the interests of the inhabitants of the Territory concerned, Recalling that the General Assembly approved these Agreements upon the assurance of the Administering Powers that they do not consider the terms of the relevant articles in the Trusteeship Agreements as giving powers to the Administering Authority to establish any form of political association between the Trust Territories respectively administered by them and adjacent territories which would involve annexation of the Trust Territories in any sense or would have the effect of extinguishing their status as Trust Territories, Having considered the observations of the Trusteeship Council, contained in the report covering its second and third sessions (A/603), on the existing or proposed administrative unions between certain Trust Territories and the adjacent territories under the sovereignty or control of the Administering Authority, Notes the observations of the Trusteeship Council on such administrative unions; and in particular; Endorses the observation of the Trusteeship Council that an administrative union “must remain strictly administrative in its nature and its scope, and that its operation must not have the effect of creating any conditions which will obstruct the separate development of the Trust Territory, in the fields of political, economic, social and educational advancement, as a distinct entity”; Recommends accordingly that the Trusteeship Council should: (a) Investigate these questions in all their aspects with special reference to such unions already constituted or proposed and in the light of the terms of the Trusteeship Agreements and the assurances given by the Administrative Authorities in this connexion; (b) In the light of this investigation, recommend such safeguards as the Council may deem necessary to preserve the distinct political status of the Trust Territories and to enable the Council effectively to exercise supervisory functions over such Territories; (c) Request, whenever appropriate, an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice as to whether such unions are within the scope of and compatible with, the stipulations of the Charter and the terms of the Trusteeship Agreements as approved by the General Assembly; (d) Invite the Administering Authorities to make available to the Council such information relating to administrative unions as will facilitate the investigation by the Council referred to above; (e) Report specifically to the next regular session of the General Assembly on the results of the Council’s investigations and the action taken by it. Hundred and sixtieth plenary meeting, 18 November 1948.

Paragraphs 73 of UN Charter on Non-Self Governing Territories and 76b on Trusteeship

A.        Article 73:  Declaration Regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories:      

“Members of the United Nations which have or assume responsibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have not  yet attained a full measure of self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to promote to the utmost, within the system of international peace and security established by the present Charter, the well-being of the inhabitants of these territories, and, to this end:

a) to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples concerned, their political, economic, social, and educational advancement, their just treatment, and their protection against abuses; 

b) to develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and their varying stages of advancement”.

B.        Article 76.b. of the Charter of the UN:

“The basic objectives of the trusteeship system, in accordance with the purposes of the United Nations laid down in Article 1 of the present Charter, shall be:  to promote the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned, and as may be provided by the terms of each trusteeship agreement”.

C. UN Resolution 224 (III) of

18 November 1948

on the Administrative

     Unions Affecting

Trust

Territories

;

The General Assembly,

   Mindful that one of the basic objectives of the Trusteeship System is to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the Trust Territories, and their progressive development towards self-government or independence,

   Noting that the Trusteeship Agreements for some of these Territories authorize the Administering Authority concerned to constitute the Territory into a customs, fiscal or administrative union or federation with adjacent territories under its sovereignty or control and to establish common services between the Trust Territory and such adjacent territories, where such measures are not inconsistent with the basic objectives of the Trusteeship System and with the terms of the Trusteeship Agreement,

   Recognizing that, in certain circumstances, such unions may be in the interests of the inhabitants of the Territory concerned,

   Recalling that the General Assembly approved these Agreements upon the assurance of the Administering Powers that they do not consider the terms of the relevant articles in the Trusteeship Agreements as giving powers to the Administering Authority to establish any form of political association between the Trust Territories respectively administered by them and adjacent territories which would involve annexation of the Trust Territories in any sense or would have the effect of extinguishing their status as Trust Territories,

   Having considered the observations of the Trusteeship Council, contained in the report covering its second and third sessions (A/603), on the existing or proposed administrative unions between certain Trust Territories and the adjacent territories under the sovereignty or control of the Administering Authority,

   Notes the observations of the Trusteeship Council on such administrative unions; and in particular;

   Endorses the observation of the Trusteeship Council that an administrative union “must remain strictly administrative in its nature and its scope, and that its operation must not have the effect of creating any conditions which will obstruct the separate development of the Trust Territory, in the fields of political, economic, social and educational advancement, as a distinct entity”;

   Recommends accordingly that the Trusteeship Council should:

(a)   Investigate these questions in all their aspects with special reference to such unions already constituted or proposed and in the light of the terms of the Trusteeship Agreements and the assurances given by the Administrative Authorities in this connexion;

(b)   In the light of this investigation, recommend such safeguards as the Council may deem necessary to preserve the distinct political status of the

Trust

Territories

and to enable the Council effectively to exercise supervisory functions over such Territories;

(c)   Request, whenever appropriate, an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice as to whether such unions are within the scope of and compatible with, the stipulations of the Charter and the terms of the Trusteeship Agreements as approved by the General Assembly;

(d)   Invite the Administering Authorities to make available to the Council such information relating to administrative unions as will facilitate the investigation by the Council referred to above;

(e)   Report specifically to the next regular session of the General Assembly on the results of the Council’s investigations and the action taken by it.

                   Hundred and sixtieth plenary meeting,

                                                   

18 November 1948

.

Document: The Trusteeship Agreement for the Territory of the Cameroons under British Administration

   

TRUSTEESHIP AGREEMENT FOR THE TERRITORY OF THE 

    

CAMEROONS

UNDER BRITISH ADMINISTRATION

                                                                                                               

13 December 1946

          (Culled from the Yearbook of the United Nations, p. 190 – 193 )

     WHEREAS the territory known as the Cameroons under British Mandate and hereinafter referred to as the Territory has been administered in accordance with Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations under a Mandate conferred on His Britannic  Majesty; and

     WHEREAS Article 75 of the United Nations Charter, signed at San Francisco on 26 June 1945, provides for the establishment of an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent individual agreements; and

     WHEREAS under Article 77 of the said Charter the international  trusteeship system may be applied to territories now held under Mandate; and

     WHEREAS His Majesty has indicated his desire to place the Territory under the said international trusteeship system; and

    WHEREAS in accordance with Article 75 and 77 of the said Charter, the placing of a territory under the international  trusteeship system is to be effected by means of a Trusteeship Agreement;

     Now THEREFORE, the General Assembly of the United Nations hereby resolves to approve the following terms of trusteeship for the Territory.

                                                            Article 1 

     The Territory to which this Agreement applies comprises that part of the Cameroons lying to the west of the boundary defined by the Franco-British Declaration of 10 July 1919, and more exactly defined in the Declaration made by the Governor of the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria and the Governor of the Cameroons under French Mandate which was confirmed by the exchange of Notes between His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom and the French Government of  9 January 1931. This line may, however, be slightly modified by mutual agreement between His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom and the Government of the French Republic where an examination of the localities shows that it is desirable in the interests of  the inhabitants.

                                                            Article 2

     His Majesty is hereby designated as Administering Authority for the Territory, the responsibility for the administration of which will be undertaken by His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

                                                            Article 3

     The Administering Authority undertakes to administer  the Territory in such a manner as to achieve the basic objectives of the international  trusteeship system laid down in Article 76 of the United Nations Charter. The Administering Authority further  undertakes to collaborate fully with the General Assembly of  the United Nations and the Trusteeship Council in the discharge of all their functions as defined in Article 87 of the United Nations Charter, and to facilitate any periodic visits to the territory which they may deem necessary, at times to be agreed upon with the Administering Authority.

                                                            Article 4

     The Administering Authority shall be responsible (a) for the peace, order, good government and defence of the Territory and (b) for ensuring that it shall play its part in the maintenance of international peace and security.

                                                            Article 5

     For the above-mentioned purposes and for all purposes of  this Agreement, as may be necessary, the Administering Authority:

(a)    shall have full powers of  legislation, administration and jurisdiction in the Territory and shall administer it in accordance with its own laws as an integral part of his territory with such modification as may be required by local conditions and subject to the provisions of the United Nations Charter and this Agreement;

(b)   shall be entitled to constitute the Territory into a customs, fiscal or administrative union or federation with adjacent territories under his sovereignty or control, and to establish common services between such territories and the Territory where such measures are not inconsistent with the basic objectives of  the international trusteeship system and with the terms of this Agreement;

(c)    and shall be entitled to establish naval, military and air bases, to erect fortifications, to station and employ his own forces in the Territory and to take all such other measures  as are in his opinion necessary for the defence of the Territory and for ensuring that it plays its part in the maintenance of international peace and security. To this end the Administering Authority may make use of volunteer forces, facilities and assistance from the Territory in carrying out the obligations towards the Security Council undertaken in this regard by the Administering Authority, as well as for local defence and the maintenance of law and order within the Territory.

Article 6

     The Administering Authority shall promote the development of free political institutions suited to the Territory. To this end the Administering Authority shall assure to the inhabitants of the Territory a progressively increasing share in the administrative and other services of the Territory; shall develop the participation of the inhabitants of the Territory in advisory and legislative bodies and in the government of the Territory, both central and local, as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of the Territory and its peoples; and shall take all other appropriate measures with a view to the political advancement of the inhabitants of the Territory in accordance with Article 76 (b) of the United Nations Charter. In considering the measures to be taken under this Article the Administering Authority shall, in the interest of the inhabitants, have special regard to the provisions Article 5 (a) of this Agreement.

                                                            Article 7

     The Administering Authority undertakes to apply in the Territory  the provisions of any international conventions and recommendations already existing or hereafter drawn up by the United Nations or by the specialized agencies referred to in Article 57 of the Charter, which may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of the Territory and which would conduce to the achievement of the basic objectives of the international trusteeship system.

                                                            Article 8

     In framing laws relating to the holding or  transfer of  land and natural resources, the Administering Authority shall take into consideration native laws and customs, and shall respect the rights and safeguard the interests, both present and future, of the native population. No native land or natural resources may be transferred except between natives, save with the previous consent of  the competent public authority. No real rights over native land or natural resources in favour of non-natives, may be created except with the same consent.

                                                            Article 9

     Subject to the provisions of Article 10 of this Agreement, the Administering Authority shall take all necessary steps to ensure equal treatment in social, economic, industrial and commercial matters for all Members of  the United Nations and their nationals and to this end:

(a)    shall ensure the same rights to all nationals of Members of the United Nations as to his own nationals in respect of entry into and residence in the Territory, freedom of  transit and navigation, including freedom of transit and navigation by air, acquisition of  property both movable and immovable, the protection of persons and property, and the exercise of professions and trade;

(b)   shall not discriminate on grounds of nationality against nationals of any Member of the United Nations in matters relating to the grant of concessions having the character of a general monopoly;

(c)    shall ensure equal treatment in the administration of justice to the nationals of all Members of the United Nations.

The rights conferred in this Article on nationals of Members of the United Nations apply equally to companies and associations controlled by such nationals and organized in accordance with the law of any Member of the United Nations.

                                                            Article 10

     Measures taken to give effect to Article 9 of this Agreement shall be subject always to the overriding duty of the Administering Authority in accordance with Article 76 of the United Nations Charter to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the Territory, to carry out the other basic objectives of the international trusteeship system, and the maintenance of peace, order and good government. The Administrative Authority shall in particular be free:

(a)    to organize essential public services and works on such terms and conditions as he thinks just;

(b)   to create monopolies of a purely fiscal character in order to provide the territory with the fiscal resources which seem best suited to the local requirements, or otherwise to serve the interests of  the inhabitants of  the Territory;

(c)    where the interests of  the economic advancement of  the inhabitants of the Territory may require it, to establish or permit to be established, for specific purposes, other monopolies or undertakings having in them an element of monopoly, under conditions of proper public control; provided that, in he selection of  agencies to carry out the purposes of this paragraph, other than agencies controlled by the Government or those in  which the Government participates, the Administering Authority shall not discriminate on grounds of nationality against Members of the United Nations or their nationals.

Article 11

     Nothing in this Agreement shall entitle any Member of  the United Nations to claim for itself or for its nationals, companies and associations, the benefits of Article 9 of  this Agreement in any respect in which it does not give to the inhabitants, companies and associations of the Territory equality of treatment with the nationals, companies and associations of the State which it treats most favourably.

                                                            Article 12

     The Administering Authority shall, as may be appropriate to the circumstances of the Territory continue and extend a general system of  elementary education designed to abolish illiteracy and facilitate the vocational and cultural advancement of  the population, child and adult, and shall similarly provide such facilities as may prove desirable and practicable in the interests of  the inhabitants for qualified students to receive secondary and higher education, including professional training.

                                                            Article 13

     The Administering Authority shall ensure in the Territory complete freedom of conscience and, so far as is consistent with the requirements of public order and morality, freedom of religious teaching and the free exercise of all forms of worship. Subject to the provisions of Article 8 of this Agreement and the local law, Missionaries who are nationals of Members of the United Nations shall be free to enter the Territory and to travel and reside therein, to acquire and possess property, to erect religious buildings and to open schools and hospitals in the Territory. The provisions of  this Article shall not, however, affect the right and duty of the Administering Authority to exercise such control  as he may consider necessary for the maintenance of peace, order and good government and for the educational advancement of the inhabitants of  the Territory, and to take all measures required for such control.

                                                            Article 14

     Subject only to the requirements of public order, the Administering Authority shall guarantee to the inhabitants of  the Territory freedom of speech, of  the press, of assembly, and of petition.

                                                            Article 15

     The Administering Authority may arrange for the co-operation of the Territory in any regional advisory commission, regional technical organization, or other voluntary association of states, any specialized international bodies, public or private, or other forms of international activity not inconsistent with the United Nations Charter.

                                                            Article 16

     The Administering Authority shall make to the General Assembly of the United Nations an annual report, on the basis of a questionnaire drawn up by the Trusteeship Council in accordance with Article 88 of the United Nations Charter. Such reports shall include information concerning the measures taken to give effect to suggestions and recommendations of the General Assembly and the Trusteeship Council. The Administering Authority shall designate an accredited representative to be present at the sessions of the Trusteeship Council at which the reports of  the Administering Authority with regard to the Territory are considered.

                                                            Article 17

     Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the right of the Administering Authority to propose, at any future date, the amendment of this Agreement for the purpose of designating the whole or part of the Territory as a strategic area or for any other purpose not inconsistent with the basic objectives of  the international trusteeship system.

                                                            Article 18

     The terms of this Agreement shall not be altered or amended except as provided in Article 79 and Article 83 or 85, as the case may be, of the United Nations Charter.

                                                            Article 19

     If any dispute whatever should arise between the Administering Authority and another Member of the United Nations relating to the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Agreement, such dispute, if it cannot be settled by negotiation or other means, shall be submitted to the International Court of Justice provided for  in Chapter XIV of the United Nations Charter.

Article 4.b. of the Constitutive Act of the African

Union

on “the respect of borders existing on achievement of independence”.

La Republique du Cameroun achieved independence on

1 January 1960

(without the British Southern Cameroons);

Nigeria

achieved independence on

1 October 1960

(without the British Northern

Cameroons

).